Formal
These are appropriate to use with people that you don't know well, and people in your office and people whom you meet when you are working.
- How are you?/Hi, How're ye?
- How's it going?/How's it goin' (= How's it your life?)
- How (are) you doing?
Informal
These are appropriate to use with close friends/people who are the same ages with you. They are almost like Slang. You hear them all the time in the daily life if you speak with native speaker regularly.
- What's up? / 's up?
- What's good?
- What's going on? / What's goin' on?
Real Questions (not just greetings)
These are used when you actually want to know about somebody.
- How are things? How's thing? (How is everything in your life? Give me information.
- How have you been? How've you been? Tell me about the whole things since the last time I saw you.
- What have you been up to? (You really asking what have you been doing since the last time I saw you? This one is a lot more informal. It is not appropriate to use with the people much older than you.